A hernia occurs when tissue pushes through a weak area in the muscle or surrounding abdominal wall. Assessment helps determine the type of hernia, risk of complications, and whether watchful waiting or surgical repair is appropriate.
Conditions that may need assessment
- Inguinal (groin) hernia
- Umbilical and epigastric hernia
- Incisional hernia after a previous operation
Symptoms to discuss with a doctor
- A lump in the groin or abdominal wall, sometimes more visible when standing
- Discomfort with lifting, coughing or exertion
- Increasing pain or a lump that no longer goes back in
Important: These symptoms can have many causes. Symptoms alone do not establish a diagnosis.
Diagnosis and investigations
Investigations are selected according to symptoms and examination findings. Not every patient needs every test.
- Physical examination, often while standing or coughing
- Ultrasound or other imaging if the diagnosis is uncertain
- Assessment of general health and surgical risks
Treatment options and surgical planning
Treatment decisions depend on symptoms, hernia type and patient factors. When appropriate, repair may be open or laparoscopic and may use mesh. Your surgeon should explain benefits, recurrence, persistent pain and other risks.
What to expect at your consultation
Bring relevant test results, imaging, prescriptions and a list of current medicines. The consultation typically includes reviewing symptoms, explaining possible diagnoses, discussing investigations and outlining management options. A surgical decision is individual and is not guaranteed by an appointment.
Frequently asked questions
Does every hernia need immediate surgery?
No. Some minimally symptomatic hernias can be observed after medical assessment; others should be repaired.
What is the difference between open and laparoscopic repair?
Open surgery uses an incision over the hernia; laparoscopic repair uses small incisions and a camera. The best option depends on the hernia and patient.
What are warning signs of a trapped hernia?
A painful, irreducible lump, vomiting or abdominal swelling can indicate an emergency and needs urgent evaluation.
Book a specialist consultation
If you have persistent symptoms or have been advised to seek surgical review, use the appointment page to request a consultation. Confirm the current chamber schedule before travelling.
Medical information notice: This page offers general education and does not replace examination, medical advice or emergency care.